Theme : Bilateral, regional and global grouping and agreements involving India or affecting India’s interests.
Paper : GS - 2
TABLE OF CONTENT
- Context
- What is the Conflict
- Present Evolution Around Ukraine
- What is Right Wing
- Development Around the Right Wing
- Causes for the Rise of Right-Wing Populism
- How did Liberal Democracy Undermine
- Rise of Right Wing Around the Globe
Context : Russian invasion of Ukraine and rise of right wing around globe particularly Sweden and Danish are assumed as disasters this year.
What is the Conflict :
- Contestation about post-Cold War central European territoriality and resurrecting a burnished Russian past is at the core of the Ukraine crisis.
- Ukraine’s bid for NATO membership and Russian interests in the Black Sea accompanied by the protests in the Ukraine are the major causes of the ongoing conflict.
Present Evolution Around Ukraine :
- Russia retreated from Kherson, which it recently proclaimed as an integral part of Russia.
- This withdrawal weakens Russia’s hand in any peace negotiations with Ukraine and the US
What is the Right Wing ?
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Right-Wing politics is centered around beliefs that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable and natural, with this belief being supported by natural law or tradition.
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Conservative: Right-wing politics are more conservative.
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Right-wing politics is characterized by ideas of:
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Authority
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Hierarchy
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Tradition
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Development Around the Right Wing :
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Swedish social democrats: They followed Danish colleagues who won national elections by accepting the right-wing arguments on:
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Refugees and police batons
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Welfare for the “real Danes”
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Causes for the Rise of Right-Wing Populism :
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Economic Reasons:
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Over the course of history, financial recessions have resulted in increased support for extremist parties.
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The recession of 2008 was no different as it brought the rise of far-right parties.
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The recessions led to an increase in unemployment and globalization didn't benefit all the sections of the population equally, creating resentment and anger among those who were not benefitted.
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Economic insecurity coming from the effects of increased globalization, technological progress, and the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008 all led to high levels of unemployment, which, in turn, resulted in an unhappy population.
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The Migrant Crisis:
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The Refugee Crisis made national populism a dominant ideology across former communist countries.
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The anti-migration rhetoric of the right-wing political parties, especially directed against the Muslim migrants gained momentum after the refugee crisis of 2015.
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Very large sections of the native people believe that immigration had a negative impact on their livelihood and culture and most of them support a complete closure of their borders to immigrants.
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There was the fear that the migrants might somehow compromise the welfare model of democratic countries and that the Islamic way of life would spread.
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Many of these anxieties were further fuelled by the recent terrorist attacks on European soil, especially in France, Belgium, and the UK.
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These attacks reinforced the anti-immigration sentiments and made it possible to link the migration crisis to fears of terrorism.
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A Cultural Backlash:
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Some of the reasons for the emergence of populists parties in the world stem from an unreasonable fear of demographic changes and the loss of national identity that might be caused by the immigration of foreign nationals.
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The Natives believe that their cultural, linguistic, religious, and culinary identity would be lost if the number of immigrants is not kept under check.
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Distrust, Destruction, Deprivation, and Dealignment:
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There are four main causes for the recent rise in support for national populism: distrust, destruction, deprivation, and dealignment.
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Firstly, distrust refers to the way in which many voters feel like they are not being listened to and that their opinions are not valued when it comes to political debate.
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Secondly, destruction alludes to the way that people fear the loss of cultural identity due to immigration and globalization. These fears have been seen in multicultural societies like France and England and also in homogenous societies like Hungary and Poland.
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The third cause, deprivation, points to the loss of faith in the future and the fear of inequality and deprivation in relation to others. Many voters today are convinced that the past was better than the present and that the future will be worse.
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Finally, voter cleavages are not nearly as defined as they were before leading to dealignment. Political systems are currently far more volatile than they have ever been.
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How did Liberal Democracy Undermine :
- Advance of neoliberalism combined with the enduring imperial western interests
- Continued dominance and corruption of elites in the Global South
- Capacity of liberal democracy to offer ordinary people influence as well as justice and prosperity.
- Attempts to spread democracy by military means, as in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya, have failed.
Rise of Right Wing Around the Globe :
- Vladimir Putin fostered Russian nationalism, won elections and the support of the Church.
- Right wing in India
- Rodrigo Duterte and Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines
- Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil
- Donald Trump in US and attack on Capitol hill
- Brexit and neo-nationalism in Europe.
FAQs :
1. What is the Right Wing?
Answer : Right-Wing politics is centered around beliefs that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable and natural, with this belief being supported by natural law or tradition.
-
Conservative: Right-wing politics are more conservative.
-
Right-wing politics is characterized by ideas of:
-
Authority
-
Hierarchy
-
Tradition
-
2. What is the Present Evolution around Ukraine?
Answer : Russia retreated from Kherson, which it recently proclaimed as an integral part of Russia.This withdrawal weakens Russia’s hand in any peace negotiations with Ukraine and the US.