Theme : Bilateral, regional and global grouping and agreements involving India or affecting India’s interests.
GS - 2
TABLE OF CONTENT
- Context
- G-20
- Present Global Issues
- Matera Declaration
- Steps taken by India Towards Food Security
- Post-Independence steps by India towards agriculture
- UN Food Systems Summit(held by the G20): Five identified action tracks
- What steps need to be taken?
- Road Ahead
Context : After Indonesia, India will assume the presidency of G20 from December 2022.Global and regional food security have been deliberated upon as one of the priority agendas of the G20.
G20:
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The G20 is an informal group of 19 countries and the European Union, with representatives of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
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The G20 Presidency rotates annually: according to a system that ensures a regional balance over time.
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For the selection of the presidency: 19 countries are divided into 5 groups, each having no more than 4 countries.
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The presidency rotates between each group.
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Every year the G20 selects a country from another group to be president.
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India is in Group 2 which also has Russia, South Africa, and Turkey.
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The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat or Headquarters.
Present global issues:
- Growing conflicts
- Climate crises marked by droughts, floods, cyclones etc
- Economic downturns
Matera Declaration, 2021 by G20:
- Keys to end hunger: G20 ministers recognised that poverty alleviation, food security, and sustainable food systems are key to ending hunger.
- It reflects the Indian concern: for the welfare of small & medium farmers, promoting local food cultures and recognising agri-diversity.
- Emphasized on keeping international food trade open: Strengthening global, regional, and local diversified value chains for safe, fresh, and nutritious food.
- One health approach: Promoting a science-based holistic One Health approach.
Steps taken by India towards food security:
- National Food Security Act, 2013
- Mid-day meal scheme
- Integrated Child Development Services
Post-Independence steps by India towards agriculture:
- Policy measures
- Land reforms
- Public investments
- Institutional infrastructure
- New regulatory systems
- Intervention in agri-markets and prices
- Agri-research and extension
UN Food Systems Summit(held by the G20): Five identified action tracks:
- Safe and nutritious food: Ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all
- Sustainable consumption: Shift to sustainable consumption patterns
- Production: Boost nature-positive production
- Livelihood: Advance equitable livelihoods
- Build resilience to vulnerabilities, shocks, and stress.
What steps need to be taken?
- Investment: Greater investment in agriculture
- Food safety net for the poor and vulnerable
- Farming: New ways of farming
- Diversified livelihoods
Road Ahead
- Opportunity for India:Share its successful journey in moving from a food-deficit nation to a food-surplus nation
- Food security: Address the growing challenges of food security for creating resilient and equitable food systems.
- Mechanism of purchases of cereals from farmers: Government was able to provide a swift and resilient response to the COVID-19 pandemic, avoid supply chain disruption and economic shock.
- Sustainable Development Goals by 2030: There is an opportunity to fast-track the processes and commitments that were started through the pioneering UN Food Systems Summit for global food systems transformation.
FAQs :
1. What is G-20 ?
Answer : The G20 is an informal group of 19 countries and the European Union, with representatives of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.The G20 Presidency rotates annually : according to a system that ensures a regional balance over time.
2. Who will assume the Presidency of G-20 from December 2022 ?
Answer : India will assume the Presidency of G20 from December 2022.