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Fostering Rural India’s Growth

DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT POLICIES GROWTH
15 Nov, 2022

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Theme : Government Policies , Inclusive Growth , Growth & Development
Paper : GS - 2

Contrary to the common perception about predominance of agriculture in the rural economy, about two third of rural income is now generated in non agricultural activities.
However, the impressive growth of the non-agricultural sector in rural India has not brought significant employment gains or reduction in disparity in worker productivity. This underlines the need for a new approach to direct the transition of the rural economy.

TABLE OF CONTENT 

  1. Context
  2. Rural Development Provisions in Constitution
  3. Issues in Rural Sphere
  4. Road Ahead

Context : Contrary to the common perception about predominance of agriculture in the rural economy, about two third of rural income is now generated in non agricultural activities. However, the impressive growth of the non-agricultural sector in rural India has not brought significant employment gains or reduction in disparity in worker productivity. This underlines the need for a new approach to direct the transition of the rural economy.

Rural Development Provisions in Constitution : 

  • Directive Principle of State Policy: Article 40 of the Constitution which enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.
  • 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act: Panchayati Raj Institutions was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 to build democracy at the grass roots level and was entrusted with the task of rural development in the country.
  • Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution: It places as many as 29 functions within the purview of the Panchayati Raj bodies including agricultural extension, land improvement, implementation of land reforms etc.

Issues in Rural Sphere : 

  • Lack of Educational Enlightenment: The school education in rural India is mostly dependent on Government and Government aided schools. For rural India, the journey of education is not easy.

  • Lack of Effective Administration: The biggest problem in the way of successful rural development in India is a lack of transparency in the administration system.

  • Rural-Urban Water Conflict: Cities are rapidly expanding as a result of rapid urbanization, and a large influx of migrants from rural areas has increased the per capita use of water in cities, which is causing water to be transferred from rural reservoirs to urban areas to meet the deficit and posing a risk to rural areas in meeting their water needs.

  • Rural Inflation: The inflationary pressure in the economy is impacting rural India more than its urban counterpart.

    • Data from the National Statistical Office (NSO) reveals that consumer price inflation (CPI) has grown at a higher rate in the rural areas compared with the urban areas.

    • For instance, the inflation rate for cereals in rural areas increased to 10.08% during August 2022, compared to 8.65% for urban areas.

  • Unplanned Migration: Unplanned rural to urban migration, particularly in search of better economic opportunities, is putting severe pressure on urban amenities and forcing a large number of low wage migrants from rural areas to live in unhygienic and deprived conditions.It is also leading to feminisation of agriculture in India.

  • Lack of Fiscal Autonomy: Panchayats have very little fiscal autonomy. Grama Panchayats have only limited powers with regard to setting tax rates and revenue base since broad parameters for such exercises are fixed by the state government.

Road Ahead : 

  • Empowered Women- Empowered Nation: Rural women are torchbearers for social, economic and environment transformation for the ‘New India’.Empowering and mainstreaming rural women workforce in agriculture can bring a paradigm shift towards rural economic growth.
  • Farm-Factory Approach: Incentives must be provided to food processing industries to set up in rural areas, and processing must be linked to transportation through efficient value chains.
  • Digitised Rural Space: Digitalisation in rural space and Local e-governance will be critical to making 650,000 villages and 800 million citizens self-sufficient.
  • Towards Fiscal Prudence: Panchayats should have more fiscal autonomy to manage their finances and developmental affairs. Also, to finance the rural development models, ‘Atmanirbhar Village bonds’ could be issued to raise resources.
  • Embracing Kalam’s Vision: Former President APJ Abdul Kalam had proposed the concept of Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) whose objective goes beyond the mere creation of economic infrastructure and employment opportunities in rural areas.

FAQs : 

1. What is 73rd CAA ?

Answer : Panchayati Raj Institutions was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 to build democracy at the grass roots level and was entrusted with the task of rural development in the country.

2. What is the 11th Schedule of the Constitution ?

Answer : It places as many as 29 functions within the purview of the Panchayati Raj bodies including agricultural extension, land improvement, implementation of land reforms etc.